The Makeup of a Stairway: See How to Buy Wood Staircase Parts like a Expert

Whether you have a new home and you want to put in a raised deck in the backyard or you have a Century home and aim to touch up the main staircase, it is vital to recognize the different pieces of a staircase. As they say, knowledge is power and if you are familiar with your staircase parts, then you are aware of what to shop for, and it is a great deal easier to locate the materials you want at the price you want to shell out for it.
Stair Parts
Staircase Tread – the horizontal stair part that you step onto.
Riser – the back vertical section or "kicker" linking each step.
Stairway Tread Nosing - an edge part of the stairway tread that protrudes on top of the stair riser beneath. If it is present, this indicates that horizontally, the total "run" distance of the stairs is not just the sum of the stairway tread lengths, the treads actually overlap each other slightly
Bullnose – the first step is labeled the starting step or bullnose. The first step in a large hallway, for example, would be wider than the others and presents an attachment area for the banister and staircase newel post.
Winders – smaller steps, occasionally angular that are used to vary path such as in a circular or spiral staircase.
Stringer, Stringer board or sometimes just String – a structural stairway parts that props up the staircase risers and treads
Trim – painted wood baseboard, quarter round or crown floor trip that completes the stairway, and is commonly done in a way that harmonizes the stairways with the rest of the house.
Balustrade Parts
The balustrade is the entire structure of stair railings that includes balusters and railing.
Railing – Also called the banister or handrail. It is the top piece of the system that is designed for hand holding and safety. There are different types of fittings for the hand railings including easings, goosenecks, turnouts and volutes.
Baluster – the straight up posts that buttress the railing. In America, these are also called spindles. This is commonly the most flamboyant part of any staircase where the balusters are hand carved, wrought iron, stained wood, ornately turned, or sporting a unique paint finish.
Newel – Frequently referred to as a stair newel, these are the biggest columns that hold up the handrail.
The two different versions of railing systems are over-the-post (also known as continuous) rails and post-to-post (also called newel-to-newel) rails. Continuous hand rails run "continuosly" over the newels.  The handrail in a post-to-post configuation, on the other hand, terminates at each newel.
Other terms that could be helpful while you are fleshing out your grand staircase project:
•    Flight – an continual grouping or series of stairway steps
•    Staircase – the stair system as a whole including the railing or banister, balusters, steps and newel posts.
•    Stairway – the entire staircase and stairwell in total. This expression is frequently interchanged with stairs and staircase.
•    Runner – the floor covering that is installed on top of the step and risers of the staircase.